電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)是用(yong)于傳輸和(he)分(fen)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)常(chang)用(yong)于城市地下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網、發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站引出線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)、工礦企(qi)業內部供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)(ji)過江海水下輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)所(suo)占比(bi)重正逐漸(jian)增加(jia)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)是在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統的(de)主干線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)中(zhong)用(yong)以傳輸和(he)分(fen)配(pei)(pei)大功(gong)率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)產品，其中(zhong)包(bao)括1-500KV以及(ji)(ji)以上(shang)各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等級(ji)，各種(zhong)絕緣(yuan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。

1）導(dao)體（或稱(cheng)導(dao)電(dian)線(xian)芯）：

其作用是(shi)傳導電流。有實芯和(he)絞合之分。材料(liao)有銅、鋁(lv)、銀(yin)、銅包鋼、鋁(lv)包鋼等，主要用的(de)是(shi)銅與鋁(lv)。銅的(de)導電性能比(bi)鋁(lv)要好得(de)多。

2）耐火層：

只有(you)(you)耐火(huo)型電(dian)纜有(you)(you)此結構(gou)。其(qi)作用是在火(huo)災中電(dian)纜能經受一定時間，給我們逃生(sheng)時多一些用電(dian)的時間。

3）絕緣層：

包覆在(zai)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)，其作用(yong)是隔絕導(dao)體(ti)(ti)，承(cheng)受(shou)相應的電壓，防止電流(liu)泄漏。絕緣材料有(you)(you)(you)多種多樣(yang)，有(you)(you)(you)的要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)介電系(xi)數要(yao)(yao)小，以減少損(sun)耗(hao)，有(you)(you)(you)的要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)有(you)(you)(you)阻燃(ran)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)或能(neng)(neng)耐高溫，有(you)(you)(you)的要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)電纜在(zai)燃(ran)燒(shao)時不(bu)會(hui)或少產(chan)生濃煙或有(you)(you)(you)害氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)，有(you)(you)(you)的要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)能(neng)(neng)耐油(you)、耐腐蝕(shi)，有(you)(you)(you)的則要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)柔軟等(deng)。

4）屏蔽層：

在(zai)絕(jue)緣層外，外護層內，作用(yong)是限制電場和電磁干擾(rao)。

5）填充層：

填充的作用主要(yao)是讓(rang)電(dian)纜圓(yuan)整、結構穩定，有些電(dian)纜的填充物(wu)還起(qi)到阻水、耐火(huo)等(deng)作用。主要(yao)的材(cai)料有聚丙烯繩、玻璃(li)纖維(wei)繩、石棉繩、橡皮等(deng)，種類(lei)很多，但有一個主要(yao)的性(xing)能要(yao)求是非吸(xi)濕性(xing)材(cai)料，當然還不能導電(dian)。

6）內護層：

內護層作用是保護絕緣線芯不被(bei)鎧裝層或屏蔽層損傷用。

內(nei)護層有擠(ji)包(bao)(bao)、繞(rao)包(bao)(bao)和縱(zong)包(bao)(bao)等幾種形(xing)式(shi)(shi)。對要求高的采用擠(ji)包(bao)(bao)形(xing)包(bao)(bao)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)，要求低的采用繞(rao)包(bao)(bao)或(huo)縱(zong)包(bao)(bao)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)。

7）鎧裝層：

鎧(kai)裝層(ceng)作用是(shi)(shi)保(bao)護電纜不被外力(li)損傷。最常見的是(shi)(shi)鋼帶鎧(kai)裝與鋼絲(si)鎧(kai)裝，

還有鋁帶鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、不(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)帶鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)等。鋼(gang)帶鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)主(zhu)要作用(yong)是抗壓用(yong)，鋼(gang)絲鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)主(zhu)要是抗拉用(yong)。根(gen)據(ju)電纜的(de)大(da)小，鎧(kai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)用(yong)的(de)鋼(gang)帶厚度是不(bu)(bu)一樣(yang)的(de)，這在各電纜標準中都有規定。

8）外護層：

在(zai)電纜最外(wai)層起保護作用的(de)部件。