1、資料的(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)(cha)異：電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)用于承載(zai)電(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)導電(dian)(dian)金屬線(xian)(xian)材(cai)。有實心的(de)(de)(de)(de)﹑絞合的(de)(de)(de)(de)或(huo)箔片織造的(de)(de)(de)(de)等各種形(xing)式。按(an)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)情況分為(wei)裸電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)和絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)兩(liang)大類。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)由(you)一根或(huo)多根彼此(ci)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)導電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)心置于密封護套中構成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)導線(xian)(xian)。其(qi)外可加維護覆蓋層，電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)與電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)(cha)異在于電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)尺度通常較小，布局(ju)較為(wei)簡(jian)略，但有時也將電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)歸入廣義的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)之列(lie)。

2、用(yong)(yong)(yong)處的(de)差(cha)異：裸電(dian)(dian)線(xian)不包任何絕(jue)緣或(huo)維護層的(de)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)。除作(zuo)為傳輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)能和信(xin)(xin)息(xi)的(de)導線(xian)外(wai)，還可用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)制作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)機﹑電(dian)(dian)器的(de)構件(jian)和連接線(xian)。通常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)銅﹑鋁(lv)﹑銅合金(jin)﹑鋁(lv)合金(jin)。此外(wai)，還有各種適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)特種需求的(de)絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)線(xian)，如(ru)汽(qi)車(che)用(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)﹑汽(qi)車(che)用(yong)(yong)(yong)高壓(ya)點前方﹑電(dian)(dian)機電(dian)(dian)器引接線(xian)﹑航(hang)空導線(xian)﹑抵(di)償(chang)導線(xian)等。 電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)傳輸(shu)﹑分配電(dian)(dian)能或(huo)傳送電(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)。 電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)按其(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)處可分為電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)﹑通訊電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)和操控(kong)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)等。

3、布局的(de)(de)差異(yi)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)與通常(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線的(de)(de)不同主(zhu)要是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)尺度較(jiao)大，布局較(jiao)雜亂。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)主(zhu)要由以下4部分群組成(cheng)(cheng)。導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線心:用高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導率資料制成(cheng)(cheng)。絕緣層(ceng)﹕用作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)絕緣資料應當具(ju)有高的(de)(de)絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，高的(de)(de)擊穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場強度。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)常(chang)以絕緣資料分類(lei)。

除了上(shang)(shang)面的(de)(de)差異，電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)還(huan)具有(you)顯(xian)著的(de)(de)優勢。與架(jia)空(kong)線比較，電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)長處是(shi)線間(jian)(jian)絕(jue)緣(yuan)間(jian)(jian)隔小(xiao)(xiao)，占(zhan)地空(kong)間(jian)(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)，地下敷設而不占(zhan)地上(shang)(shang)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)，不受周(zhou)圍環境污染影響，送(song)電(dian)(dian)可靠性高，對人身安全(quan)和(he)周(zhou)圍環境攪擾小(xiao)(xiao)。因而，電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)多應(ying)用于生(sheng)齒密布和(he)電(dian)(dian)網稠(chou)密區及交通(tong)擁堵繁忙處。關于現代(dai)化(hua)建設有(you)著不行(xing)無視的(de)(de)效果。再簡略的(de)(de)說：電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)通(tong)常(chang)指的(de)(de)是(shi)室外架(jia)空(kong)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)或室外架(jia)空(kong)裸線電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)通(tong)常(chang)指的(de)(de)是(shi)是(shi)橡(xiang)套(tao)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)或暫時用電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。